This website is intended for healthcare professionals from the United Kingdom only. Adverse event reporting information can be found at the bottom of the page.

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HAVE YOUR PATIENTS STOPPED DOING WHAT THEY LOVE?

OFF episodes may cause people with Parkinson’s to:

Have difficulty walking due to poor balance or freezing gait1,2

Avoid public spaces due to tremor or bradykinesia3

Fear falling in public due to postural instability or poor balance1,2

Avoid restaurants due to difficulty handling utensils2

A single OFF episode can have a devastating impact on daily life

Emotional Impact4-6

  • Self-isolation
  • Sense of dread
  • Fatalistic attitude
  • Shame, embarrassment, and helplessness

Psychological Impact7,8

  • Reduced productivity
  • Increased missed workdays
  • Increased Emergency Department visits and hospitalisations

Patients may not report the frequency and severity of all OFF episodes to their physician.9

53%

of patients don't discuss the impact 
of returning symptoms at all or most visits.9

Openly ask your patients a probing question…

“Are there things that you would like to do but haven’t done since your last visit because of Parkinson’s?”

INBRIJA: An on-demand option for OFF episodes

OFF episodes may occur even with optimised baseline and adjunctive therapy.10

Consider INBRIJA if your patient is experiencing10:

  • Persistence of OFF episodes despite adjustments to baseline therapy
  • Unexpected or unpredictable symptom return
  • Oral treatment not absorbed well with food or too slow to help with morning OFF episodes
Quotation mark

The first time I realised that my hand was shaking, I decided not to go to work because
I was embarrassed.

Quotation mark

– Parkinson’s patient11

INBRIJA can rapidly restore motor function during OFF episodes12, giving 
patients with Parkinson’s confidence in their ability to perform regular daily 
activities with fewer disruptions.13

Get your patients back to their daily lives with INBRIJA

References: 1. Hammarlund CS, Westergren A, Astrom I, Edberg AK, Hagell P. The impact of living with Parkinson’s disease: balancing within a web of needs and demands. Park Dis. 2018. 2. Subramanian I, Farahnik J, Mischley LK. Synergy of pandemics-social isolation is associated with worsened Parkinson severity and quality of life. Npj Parkinson’s Disease. 2020;6:28. 3. Soleimani MA, Negarandeh R, Bastani F, Greysen R. Disrupted social connectedness in people with Parkinson’s disease. Br J Community Nurs. 2014;19:136-141. 4. Ahn S, Springer K, Gibson JS. Social withdrawal in Parkinson’s disease: A scoping review. Geriatr Nurs. 2022;48:258-268. 5. American Parkinson Disease Association. Anxiety in Parkinson’s Disease. Available at https://www.apdaparkinson.org/article/anxiety-parkinsons-disease/. Last Accessed May 2025. 6. Rastgardani T, Armstrong MJ, Gagliardi AR, Grabovsky A, Marras C. Communication about OFF periods in Parkinson’s disease: a survey of physicians, patients, and carepartners. Front Neurol. 2019;10:982. 7. Abeynayake I, Tanner CM. The economic impact of OFF periods in Parkinson disease. Am J Manag Care. 2020;26(12 Suppl):S265-S269. 8. Rajagopalan K, Barton J, Pike J. Incremental hourly burden of “OFF” episodes on patient quality of life and health resource use among patients with Parkinson’s disease: a neurologist/patient real world assessment in the US [abstract]. Mov Disord. 2018;33 (suppl 2). 9. Thach A, Sutphin J, Coutler J, Mansfield C. Patient experiences and preferences for specific on-demand treatments for Parkinson’s disease-related “OFF” episodes [abstract]. J Manag Care Spec Pharm. 2020;26:s40. 10. Thach A, Sutphin J, Coulter J, Leach C, Pappert E, Mansfield C. Patient preferences for treating “OFF” episodes in Parkinson’s disease: a discrete choice experiment. Patient Prefer Adherence. 2021;15:1187-1196. 11. Soleimani MA, Negarandeh R, Bastani F, Greysen R. Disrupted social connectedness in people with Parkinson’s disease. Br J Community Nurs. 2014;19:136-141. 12. LeWitt PA, Hauser RA, Pahwa R, et al; SPAN-PD Study Investigators. Safety and efficacy of CVT-301 (levodopa inhalation powder) on motor function during off periods in patients with Parkinson’s disease: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 trial. Lancet Neurol. 2019;18:145-154. 
13. Isaacson SH, Pagan FL, Lew MF, Pahwa R. Should “on-demand” treatments for Parkinson’s disease OFF episodes be used earlier? Clin Park Relat Disord. 2022;7:100161